Protection of life and personal liberty is also stated under right to life and personal liberty. However, the right to life does not include the right to die, and hence, suicide or an attempt thereof, is an offense. “Personal liberty” includes all the freedoms which are not included in Article 19 (that is, the six freedoms). The right to travel abroad is also covered under “personal liberty” in Article 21. In 2002, through the 86th Amendment, Article 21(A) was incorporated making right to primary education part of the right to freedom.
Rights of a person arrested under ordinary circumstances are laid down in the right to life and personal liberty. No one can be arrested without being told the grounds for his arrest. If arrested, the person has the right to defend himself by a lawyer of his choice. Also an arrested citizen has to be brought before the nearest magistrate within 24 hours.
The right to life and personal liberty is valued so much by the court that it cannot be suspended even during the emergency. The six freedoms are also automatically suspended or have restrictions imposed on them during a state of emergency.
The right against exploitation, given in Articles 23 and 24, provides for two provisions, namely the abolition of trafficking in human beings and Begar (forced labor), child labor is considered a gross violation of the spirit and provisions of the constitution.
Right to freedom of religion, covered in Articles 25, 26, 27 and 28, provides religious freedom to all citizens of India. Citizens are free to preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice. This right also includes other allied right as no person shall be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion of a particular religion.
In Articles 29 and 30, the Constitution aims at protecting the rights of the minorities. All minorities, religious or linguistic, can set up their own educational institutions to preserve and develop their own culture.
Right to constitutional remedies empowers the citizens to move a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental rights. For protection of fundamental rights the courts can issue various kinds of writs. These writs are habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari.
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